Exposure level of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women in the suburb of Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

In 2021, a total of 151 pregnant women were selected from the suburb of Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data about maternal age, gestational week, total annual household income, education level and passive smoking among pregnant women and one spot urine was collected. The concentrations of eight neonicotinoid pesticides and four metabolites in urine were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites among pregnant women with different characteristics were compared, and the influencing factors of the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in urine were analyzed. The results showed that at least one neonicotinoid pesticide was detected in 93.4% (141 samples) of urine samples. The detection frequencies of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and N-desmethyl-clothianidin were high, about 78.1% (118 samples), 75.5% (114 samples), 68.9% (104 samples), and 44.4% (67 samples), respectively. The median concentration of the sum of all neonicotinoid pesticides was 2.66 μg/g. N-desmethyl-acetamiprid had the highest detection concentration with a median concentration of 1.04 μg/g. A lower urinary detection frequency of imidacloprid and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women aged 30-44 years [OR (95%CI): 0.23 (0.07-0.77)]. A higher detection frequency of clothianidin and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women with per capita annual household income≥100 000 yuan [OR (95%CI): 6.15 (1.56-24.28)]. There was widespread exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women from the suburb of Shanghai, which might pose potential health risks to pregnant women, and maternal age and household income were potential influencing factors of the exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides.

Pollution， human exposure and harmful effects of neonicotinoid pesticides / 上海预防医学

Neonicotinoid is a kind of neuroactive pesticide， and it has become the most widely used pesticide in the world. In recent years， neonicotinoid has been detected in the environment and food， suggesting that human can be exposed to this kind of pesticide through drinking water， ingestion and respiration， which poses potential health hazards to human. However， there is no comprehensive report on the pollution level of neonicotinoid pesticides in the environment and food and the impact on human health. In this paper， the pollution status， population exposure level and potential health risks of neonicotinoid pesticides in water， air and food were reviewed. We found that neonicotinoid residues are widespread in fruits and vegetables， of which imidacloprid has the highest detection rate. Except for a few samples with excessive neonicotinoid detection， the detection level in most samples did not exceed national food safety standards. A variety of neonicotinoid pesticides have been detected in the air， surface water， tap water and drinking water. External exposure studies in the population have shown that ingestion is the main route of exposure to neonicotinoid， and the external exposure level is much lower than its chronic reference dose. The internal exposure study mainly detected the concentration of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in urine. A variety of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites are detected in urine， and the concentration range is ng/ml level. Internal exposure studies found that the detection rate of thiamethoxam and dinotefuran in urine is higher， and the detection rate of neonicotinoid in Asian countries is higher than that in European and American countries. Occupational exposure studies found that neonicotinoid exposure levels increased after pesticide spraying， and the exposure levels in rural areas where pesticides were commonly used were higher than those in neighboring urban areas. Animal experiments have found that neonicotinoid pesticides have reproductive toxicity， genetic toxicity， neurotoxicity， immunotoxicity， liver toxicity and nephrotoxicity to non-target organisms. Cell experiments suggest that neonicotinoid is an endocrine disruptor. The symptoms of acute exposure in humans are related to the exposure dose， route and physical condition of the exposed person， which ranges from mild symptoms （nausea， vomiting， headache and diarrhea） to death. Population epidemiological studies have shown that chronic exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides is associated with adverse health effects in humans such as neonatal tetralogy of Fallot， anencephaly， and adverse mental symptoms.

Advance in Sexual Dysfunction for Patients with Breast Cancer (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and it has a 5-year survival rate of over 80%. However, sexual dysfunction limits comprehensive rehabilitation. A correct understanding of present situation of sexual dysfunction provides the basis for its evaluation and prediction, which is of great significance to their rehabilitation. This article reported on the current situation, related factors, assessment, and prediction of sexual dysfunction in patients with breast cancer undergoing rehabilitation.

Cleaning efficacy of two kinds of mechanical nickel-titanium instruments in preparation of severely curved root canals: A scanning electron microscopic study / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The preparation and cleaning of severely curved root canal is the difficult point of root canal treatment. A large number of smear layer will be produced in the process of root canal preparation. Removing effectively these debris and smear layer will be conducive to improving the success rate and longterm effect of severely curved root canal treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the cleaning efficacy of Twisted File and ProTaper file combined with chemical preparation on smear layer of severely curved root canal by scanning electron microscope. METHODS: Twenty clinically extracted mandibular molars with severely curved root canals were collected and randomly divided into two groups: Twisted File group and ProTaper group. The root canals were prepared by Twisted file and ProTaper Ni-Ti file, respectively. They were prepared by chemical method with 3% NaClO and 17% EDTA. After preparation, the root canals were split longitudinally and the cleaning efficacy of smear layer of coronal, middle and apical thirds was observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The images of scanning electron microscope showed that the dentinal tubules of root canal coronal thirds in the ProTaper group and Twisted file group were completely open, almost without smear layer. Dentinal tubules of middle thirds were also open, and simply part of them were covered by smear layer. However, dentinal tubules of apical thirds had few and no obvious opening, and was covered by a large number of smear layer. (2) In Twisted file group, the scores of smear layer at root canal apical thirds were higher than coronal and middle thirds (P 0.05). (3) The results showed that the chemo-mechanical preparation with Twisted File and ProTaper could remove effectively the debris and smear layer in the root canal walls of coronal and middle thirds of the severely curved crown, but the removal effect on apical thirds and dentin tubules was not good.

Simultaneous determination of 11 components in raw and processsed products of Rheum pumilum roots by UPLC-ESI-HRMS / 中草药

Objective: To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS) determination method for simultaneous determination of 11 components from raw, wine-broiled, carbon-fried and steamed Rheum pumilum roots. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on a KinetexTM C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at flow rate 0.3 mL/min, the injection volume was 1 μL and column temperature was 32 ℃. The mass spectrometry was detected using ESI ion source and negative ion mode. Results: Eleven components gallic acid, epicatechin, polydatin, rhaponticin, luteolin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion showed a good linear relationship within a certain concentration range. The precision, repeatability and stability of the method were good for the determination of 11 components. The average recoveries varied between 91.31% and 107.08% and the RSD were between 1.73% and 3.58%. The content of gallic acid, polydatin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin changed in processsed products of R. pumilum roots. The content of gallic acid and emodin increased significantly in the wine-broiled and carbon-fried process. The content of emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside in the carbon-fried process was significantly reduced, and the content of polydatin was significantly reduced in all processed products. Conclusion: This determination method is simple, stable, accurate and reliable. It can be applied for rapid quantitative determination of 11 components in raw and processsed products of R. pumilum, which laid the foundation for further research on R. pumilum roots.

Technical evaluation and principle analysis of simulative habitat cultivation of Dendrobium nobile / 中国中药杂志

The technique of "simulative habitat cultivation" is to preserve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine by simulating the original habitat and site environment of wild Chinese medicine resources. Dendrobium nobile is the most representative variety of traditional Chinese medicine which reflects the coordinated development of medicinal material production and ecological environment. In this paper, the main technical points of the simulated cultivation model of D. nobile were summarized as follows: rapid propagation of seedling tissue technology to ensure the genetic stability of provenance; line card+fermented cow manure+live moss method to improve the survival rate; epiphytic stone cultivation to improve the quality of medicinal materials; and the integration of mycorrhizal fungi to improve the quality stability of medicinal materials. On the basis of summarizing the ecological benefits, economical and social benefits generated by the application of the technology, the paper systematically analyzes the principle of the technology for the cultivation of D. nobile to promote the excellent quality, the light, gas, heat and fertilizer resources of the undergrowth niche are in line with the wild site environment of D. nobile. The rich and complex soil microbial community in the forest laid the foundation for the species diversity needed for the growth of D. nobile.The stress effect on the growth of D. nobile resulted in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The symbiotic relationship between the symbiotic fungi such as bryophytes and D. nobile promotes the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The high quality D. nobile was produced efficiently by improving and optimizing the cultivation techniques.

An investigation of a family COVID-19 cluster / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of a family cluster of COVID-19, and to provide reference in improving the criteria for exclusion diagnosis and medical observation of close contacts. Methods Field epidemiological method was used to investigate the cases and close contacts of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Pudong New Area.Descriptive analysis was conducted on epidemiological data.Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in the respiratory tract specimens. Results There were two confirmed cases and one suspected case in the family cluster.The source of infection was Case 1 with a living history in Wuhan, Hubei Province.Case 2 and Case 3, as close contacts, received 14-day medical observation in a centralized isolation site.Case 2 showed symptoms 4 days after the onset of Case 1, and the diagnosis of COVID-19 was excluded after two negative nucleic acid tests during the isolation period.However, after the expiration of isolation, Case 2 was diagnosed positively for COVID-19 and Case 3 was suspected first and then excluded. Conclusion Daily close contact is critical for COVID-19 transmission and is the major cause of family clustering.Once the close contacts show symptoms, diagnosis should be made by combining the results of nucleic acid test, chest CT test, serological test, etc.We suggest to grade the risk of infection for close contacts, and to strengthen the standard of medical observation for close contacts with high risk of infection.

Application of base editors in the treatment of genetic disorders / 药学学报

To date, CRISPR/Cas systems represent the most widely used tool for genome editing; however, its application scope for gene therapy has been largely limited due to its limited efficiency in activating homology-directed repair for DNA and off-target effect. Base editing is a new CRISPR/Cas-based genome-editing strategy, which allows single nucleotide to be precisely corrected in a narrow window scope on the target DNA or RNA by taking advantage of different nucleobase deaminases. Base editors include cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs), which can induce the conversions from C·G to T·A and A·T to G·C, respectively. Base editors work independently of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and DNA donor templates, and thus they are extensively adopted for a wide range of therapeutic applications for genetic diseases, largely owing to their high efficiency and great specificity. In this review, we summarize the development of base editors and their potentials as therapeutic drugs for treating genetic diseases, and future outlooks are also discussed.

Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression in early adolescence / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) and depression in early adolescence, and to provide scientific basis for effectively coping with the impact of ACEs on adolescents’ mental health.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select adolescents in grade 6-8 in three middle schools of Shanghai during November and December of 2017. Adolescents were investigated anonymously using computer assisted self-interview approach via the tablets. Information including demographic characteristics, ACEs, and depression was collected. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and depression, after controlling potential confounders.@*Results@#Totally 1 629 eligible records were obtained. 65.25% of the respondents had experienced of neglect, followed by those abused(61.26%), and the incidence of family dysfunction was relatively low(20.81%). About 79.01% of the respondents had experienced at least one ACE, and more than half(61.45%) of the respondents had experienced at least two ACEs, and 10.01% of the respondents had experienced five or more ACEs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abuse and neglect experienced by male and female adolescents was associated with depression severity, with the OR values ranging from 2.62 to 3.60. Family dysfunction was found to be associated with depression only in male adolescents, with the OR of 1.91. The cumulative effect of ACE score on depression was observed.@*Conclusion@#Different types of ACEs in early adolescents are associated with depression, and ACEs have cumulative effects on depression severity.

Colorectal cancer preventive effect of combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the colorectal cancer preventive effect of the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis. The AOM/DSS model in mice was adopted. Phenolic acids were administrated orally in the initial stage of the model at a dose of 1 g·kg⁻¹ BW, which was combined withtherectal administration with three doses of supercritical extracts (15, 30, 60 g·kg⁻¹ BW). PCNA, 8-oxoguaine, γ-H2AX, iNOS and COX-2 were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. The results showed that the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from A. sinensis suppressed the tumor growth and cell proliferation, and DNA damages and inflammatory responses were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from A. sinensis have a certain effect in preventing carcinogenesis.

Direct Detection of Di-2-ethylhexy Phthalate in Environmental Water Sample Based on Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

The environmental organic pollutant of di-2-ethylhexy phthalate ( DEHP ) was analyzed by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( EESI-MS ). Effect of some important experimental conditions were investigated systematically, including the electrospray voltage, temperature of ion-transport tube, sample injection rate and extractant composition. Under the optimal conditions, a method for rapid detection of DEHP in water sample was established. DEHP levels in different samples with complex matrixes were measured, including landfill leachate, urban sewage and lake water. The results showed that DEHP in water samples could be ionized by EESI source and obtained the molecule ion (m/ z 391. 28) at the positive detection mode, and then CID experiment were performed to obtain the secondary fragment ions m/ z 279. 26, 167. 12 and 149. 11. The intensity of characteristic peak m/ z 149. 11 possessed a good linearity with the concentration of DEHP in the range of 5-1000 μg / L with the correlation coefficient of R2 = 0. 9991, and the detection limit (LOD) of 0. 21 μg / L. The recoveries of DEHP at three spiked levels (8, 80, 400 μg / L) were 96. 2％ - 111. 2％ , with RSDs of 5. 6％ - 11. 8％ . With the developed EESI-MS method, the concentrations of DEHP in landfill leachate, urban sewage and Yan lake water were 556. 5, 275. 3 and 37. 8 μg / L, respectively. The EESI-MS method possessed many advantages such as no requirement of sample pretreatment, fast analysis speed ( about 3 min per sample), simple operation and high sensitivity, thus providing a new mass spectrometric method for rapid detection of phthalate esters.

A hiddenly high hepatitis C virus related liver disease burden among Chinese patients with non-liver disease complaints: A hospital based study from 2013 to 2017

Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with non-liver disease complaints, to explore whether anti-HCV positive patients had been properly advised and visited hepatologists for further assessments, and to investigate their clinical characteristics as well as the HCV treatment status. Methods: A hospital based survey of non-liver disease patients with anti-HCV positive and their attending physicians was conducted to determine: 1. were the patients adequately advised of the implication of anti-HCV positive finding; 2. to what extent the patients were aware of potential chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection and whether they sought for further assessments and care of hepatologists. Results: A total of 295 294 non-liver disease patients were tested for anti-HCV antibody, and 2 778 of them were found to be positive (0.94%). However, only 45.10% (1 253/2 778) of the anti-HCV antibody (+) patients were referred to hepatologists and received HCV RNA test. In addition, 34.10% (312/915) and 1.42% (13/915) of them had already advanced to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. Further analysis showed that the patients who declined antiviral therapy were older, with lower education and lower income, possessed poorer knowledge on the risk of chronic hepatitis C, and had more severe liver diseases. Surprisingly, 65% of the surveyed physicians did not know the genotype-guided treatment duration suggested by the guidelines. Alarmingly, 22% of the surveyed physicians did not know the standard assays for the diagnosis of HCV infection. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the challenge and hidden enormous burden of chronic HCV infection among patients with non-liver disease complaints in China.

A hiddenly high hepatitis C virus related liver disease burden among Chinese patients with non-liver disease complaints: A hospital based study from 2013 to 2017

Objective:To determine the frequency of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with non-liver disease complaints, to explore whether anti-HCV positive patients had been properly advised and visited hepatologists for further assessments, and to investigate their clinical characteristics as well as the HCV treatment status.Methods:A hospital based survey of non-liver disease patients with anti-HCV positive and their attending physicians was conducted to determine: 1. were the patients adequately advised of the implication of anti-HCV positive finding; 2. to what extent the patients were aware of potential chronic liver disease associated with HCV infection and whether they sought for further assessments and care of hepatologists.Results:A total of 295 294 non-liver disease patients were tested for anti-HCV antibody, and 2 778 of them were found to be positive (0.94%). However, only 45.10% (1 253/2 778) of the anti-HCV antibody (+) patients were referred to hepatologists and received HCV RNA test. In addition, 34.10% (312/915) and 1.42% (13/915) of them had already advanced to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. Further analysis showed that the patients who declined antiviral therapy were older, with lower education and lower income, possessed poorer knowledge on the risk of chronic hepatitis C, and had more severe liver diseases. Surprisingly, 65% of the surveyed physicians did not know the genotype-guided treatment duration suggested by the guidelines. Alarmingly, 22% of the surveyed physicians did not know the standard assays for the diagnosis of HCV infection.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the challenge and hidden enormous burden of chronic HCV infection among patients with non-liver disease complaints in China.

Effect and mechanism of PKM2 on proliferation and apoptosis of nasophar-yngeal carcinoma cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of PKM2 on proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-1 was transfected with PKM2 small interfering RNA (PKM2 siRNA1 and PKM2 siRNA2) and negative controls (siRNA control),the levels of PKM2 in the cells were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot,screening interference PKM2 siRNA2 continued to study.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT,cell cloning test showed the ability of cell cloning,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,ROS level was detected by DCFH-DA,the levels of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK,C-myc,β-catenin,Cleaved Caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blot.Results:After transfection of PKM2 siRNA1 and PKM2 siRNA2,the levels of PKM2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased compared with those without transfection,and after transfection of PKM2 siRNA2,the level of PKM2 in cells decreased more,the levels of PKM2 in transfected siRNA control cells were not significantly different from those without transfection.The rate of apoptosis after down-regulation of PKM2 expression increased from (9.36 ± 1.04)% to (48.42 ± 5.28)%,and the rate of cell clone formation decreased from (75.48 ± 8.25)% to (46.15 ± 3.47)%,OD values from (0.86±0.11) down to (0.52±0.04),elevated levels of ROS in cells,the levels of p-p38MAPK,Cleaved Caspase-3 proteins in cells were also significantly increased, the levels of C-myc and β-catenin in cells were obviously decreased.Conclusion:Downregulation of PKM2 expression inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth,promoting apoptosis of naso-pharyngeal carcinoma cells,the mechanism of action may be related to p38MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Research progress of angle Kappa in refractive surgery / 眼科新进展

It is great significant for angle Kappa in refractive surgery,and it has been a consensus to adjust angle Kappa,especially in the correction of hyperopia corneal refractive surgery.The population distribution of angle Kappa is influenced by race,age,gender,eye,refractive status,ocular biometry and different precision measuring instruments,and it may also vary with the change of position or pupil size and other factors.At present,fewer researches on visual quality and treatment have been conducted in femtoseeond laser and cataract phacoemulsification combined with multifocal intraocular lens implantation in eyes with large angle Kappa,so more large sample researches are needed to perform in order to provide evidences for clinicians.

Establishing and Verifing Detection Limit for the Eight Items before Blood Transfusion with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay by the WS/T 514-2017 Industry Standard Documents / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the limit of detection of eight enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to hospital grade assessment and ISO15189:2012.Methods According to the new health industry standard WS/T 514-2017:"Establishment and verification of detection capability for clinical laboratory measurement procedures",the limit of detection (LoD) was established,in the sameset of detection system,using two reagent lot,each lot for 5 consecutive days 4 consecutive days to assess the value of the concentration of five specimens were detected repeatedly,calculated the corresponding hit rate,then transform into probability units,and the corresponding concentration value production regression model,the hit rate of 95 ％ corresponds to the probability unit 1.645 substituted into the equation,the resulting concentration value was LoD estimates.The detection limit values were tested for 3 consecutive days of detection of two LoD concentrations near the declared concentration of the sample (diluted by the standard material) was detected 4 times repeatedly to calculate the positive result was greater than or equal to the percentage of LoD statement,greater than or equal to the critical value of 87％,then verified success.Results HBsAg:0.100 IU/ml,HBsAb:9.642 mIU/ml,HBeAg:0.666 NCU/ml,HBeAb:3.700 NCU/ml,HBcAb:0.786 IU /ml,HCV:0.506 NCU/ml,TP:2.236 mIU/ml and HIV:0.135 NCU/ml.The detection limit estimates were passed.Conclusion The verification limit of the verification project in the testing method and detection system of the laboratory meet the requirements Objective.

The Evaluation of F-VEP on the Efficacy of Using Hyperbaric Oxygen to Treat the Rats with Optic Nerve Crush / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of the rats with optic nerve crush. Methods In this study, 24 rats with traumatic optic nerve injury were recruited. The rats'left eyes were injured in the optic nerve and the right eyes as the controls were applied with sham-operation. The rats were divided into the treatment group and the control group in accordance with the random number table. The experimental group was treated with two-course hyperbaric oxygen one hour a day, 10 days a course. The control group breathed fresh air under standard atmospheric pressure. F-VEP was detected on day 3, 10, 20 during the experiment. Results In the control group, latency of F-VEP delayed (P＜0.05) and the amplitude of P100 decreased (P＜0.05) in the injured eye compared to the normal eye. In the experimental group, no obvious difference was found in the latency of F-VEP and the amplitude of P100 in the injured eye compared to the normal eye (P＞ 0.05) . The comparison of F-VEP data of the injured eyes showed that incubation period was in advance (P＜ 0.05) and amplitude increased (P＜0.05) in the experimental group. The comparison of F-VEP data tested at different time points was statistical significant. Conclusion The rat model of optic nerve injury was successful. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed no interference with the F-VEP data of the injured eye by causing no damage to the normal eye and was proved effective. Longer treatment provided better results.

Preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium / 中成药

AIM To prepare nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium.METHODS Heated melting-ultrasonic dispersion method was applied to preparing lipid carriers.Taking solid/liquid lipid ratio,amounts of lipid,emulsifier and volatile oils as influencing factors,and average paticle size as an evaluation index,the formulation was optimized by orthogonal test.With cineole,camphor and borneol as indices,GC-MS was adopted in the content determination of volatile oils.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 5 ∶ 5 for solid/liquid lipid ratio,1％,3％ and 0.5％ for amounts of lipid,emulsifier and volatile oils,respectively.The obtained clear and transparent lipid carriers demonstrated the average particle size of (72.33 ±1.93) nm,PDI of 0.273 ± 0.004 5,and Zeta potential of (-30.59 ± 1.42) mV,whose in vitro release rate was lower than that of raw medicine within 120 h,along with a higher stability under 4 ℃ than that under 25 ℃.The entrapment efficiencies of cineole,camphor and borneol were 87.49％,86.45％ and 92.12％ with the drug loadings of 8.25％,2.00％ and 3.38％,respectively.CONCLUSION It is suggested that nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium should be stored under 4 ℃ with the features of sustainedrelease and stable physicochemical properties.

Comparison of the use of different analgesics in the course of anesthesia care based on pharmacoeconomics

Narcotic analgesics play an important role in the treatment of pain. If the drug is not standardized, it is easy to cause tolerance and addiction, so scientific management and rational application is very important. In this article, we

analyzed the use of narcotic analgesics in a tertiary hospital in 2015-2017. The results showed that the top 3 drugs in DDDs [defined daily doses] were fentanyl transdermal patch [4.2 mg], fentanyl transdermal patch [8.4 mg] and

morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets [30 mg]. Because of its strong analgesic activity and dosage form, fentanyl has become one of the first choices for severe and moderate pain in clinical practice. Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets [30 mg] DDDs ranked third in 2015-2017, and the B/A value was 1.75. At the same time, morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets’ DDDs declined in 2017 because of the analgesic advantage of bucinnazine hydrochloride injection in emergency treatment. The dosage of pethidine hydrochloride injection is declining year by year, because its analgesic action time is very short and easy to be addicted to, and the long-term application of its metabolite, normethidine, will accumulate in the body, causing neurotoxic symptoms. The price of oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets is relatively high, which limits its use to a certain extent. Therefore, recommend rational use of narcotic analgesics in hospitals

Analysis of CSF1PO and D18S51 Loci Based on Ion Torrent PGM™ Platform / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyse and detect CSF1PO and D18S51 loci by next generation sequencing （NGS） technology for the study on their sequence polymorphism.@*METHODS@#The peripheral blood samples were collected from 165 unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population. DNA samples were obtained by QIAamp DNA Mini kit. The library was constructed by Ion Plus Fragment Library. DNA sequencing analysis was performed on Ion Torrent PGM™ Platform. The newfound alleles were verified by Sanger sequencing. Data were analysed by Torrent Suite™ v5.0.2 and Integrative Genomics Viewer for the genotype identification and frequency count. The data were analysed statistically by PowerState v12.@*RESULTS@#The length and sequence polymorphisms of CSF1PO and D18S51 loci were simultaneously obtained by NGS technology. A new genotype was found on CSF1PO locus, and two new genotypes on D18S51 locus. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the newfound alleles found by NGS technology, and the results of verification showed consistency.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The structure of core repeats on CSF1PO and D18S51 loci was detected by NGS in this study for the improvement of the identifying performance of locus.